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Introduction
D1.1 Covalent Molecular Substances
D1.2 Hydrocarbons
D1.3 Alkanes
D1.4 Alkenes
D1.6 Petroleum Chemistry
D1.7 Attractive Forces Between Atomic-scale Particles
D1.5 Alkynes
D2.1 Bonds, Molecules, and Structures
D2.2 Line Structures
D2.3 Isomeric Structures
D2.4 Constitutional Isomers
D2.5 Functional Groups
D2.6 Electronegativity
D3.1 Localized Bonds
D3.2 Types of Hybrid Orbitals
D3.3 Formation of σ and π Bonds
D3.4 Predicting the Geometry of Bonds Around an Atom
D3.5 Three-dimensional Bond Geometry
D3.6 Molecules with More Than One Central Atom
D3.7 Hybridization and Bond Angles
D4.1 Resonance Structures
D4.2 Hybridization in Resonance Structures
D4.3 Aromatic Molecules
D4.4 Conformations
D4.5 Energy and Isomerism
D4.6 Stereoisomers: Geometric Isomers
D4.7 Stereoisomers: Enantiomers
D5.1 London Dispersion Forces
D5.2 Bond Polarity
D5.3 Hydrogen Bonding
D5.4 Functional Groups
D6.1 Macromolecules
D6.2 Addition Polymers
D6.3 Polymer Structure and Properties
D6.4 Examples of Addition Polymers
D6.5 Conjugated-Diene Polymers
D6.6 Copolymers
D6.7 Condensation Polymers: Polyesters
D6.8 Condensation Polymers: Polyamides
D6.9 Proteins
D6.10 DNA and Lipids
D7.1 Chemical Reactions
D7.2 Chemical Equilibrium
D7.3 Equilibrium Constant Expressions
D7.4 Calculations Involving Equilibrium Constants
D7.5 Product-favored Reactions
D7.6 I-C-E Table
D7.7 Reaction Quotient
D7.8 Le Châtelier’s Principle
D8.1 Bond Energy and Reaction Enthalpy Change
D8.2 Standard-state Reaction Enthalpy Change
D8.3 Hess’s Law
D8.4 Standard Formation Enthalpy
D8.5 Entropy and Microstates
D8.6 Predicting the Sign of ΔS
D9.1 Standard Entropy Values
D9.2 Second Law of Thermodynamics
D9.3 Gibbs Free Energy
D9.4 Calculating ΔG°
D9.5 Gibbs Free Energy and Reaction Quotient
D9.6 ΔG° and K°
D10.1 Molecular View of Equilibrium
D10.2 Activation Energy
D10.3 Steric Factor
D10.4 Rate Constant
D10.5 Arrhenius Equation
D10.6 Kinetics and Equilibrium
D11.1 Temperature Dependence of Gibbs Free Energy
D11.2 Effect of Temperature on Equilibrium
D11.3 Le Châtelier’s Principle: Change in Temperature
D11.4 Activation Energy, Concentration, and Reaction Rate
D11.5 Kinetic Metastability
D11.6 Competing Reactions
D11.7 Fuels
D12.1 Elementary Reactions
D12.2 Unimolecular Elementary Reactions
D12.3 Bimolecular Elementary Reactions
D12.4 Trimolecular Elementary Reactions
D12.5 Multi-step Reactions
D12.6 Gibbs Free Energy and Coupled Reactions
D13.1 Factors Affecting Reaction Rates
D13.2 Reaction Rate
D13.3 Relative Rates of Reaction
D13.4 Effect of Concentration: Rate Laws
D13.5 Method of Initial Rates
D14.1 Multi-step Reactions and Rate-Determining Step
D14.2 First Step is Rate-Determining
D14.3 Equilibrium Approximation
D14.4 Catalysts and Reaction Mechanisms
D14.5 Homogeneous Catalysis
D14.6 Heterogeneous Catalysts
D14.7 Haber-Bosch Process
D15.1 Integrated Rate Law
D15.2 First-Order Reaction
D15.3 Second-Order Reaction
D15.4 Zeroth-Order Reaction
D15.5 Flooding Method: Pseudo-Order Reaction
D15.6 Half-Life of a Reaction
D15.7 Radioactive Half-Lives
D15.8 Radiometric Dating
D16.1 Definition of Acids and Bases
D16.2 Autoionization of Water
D16.3 Acid Constant and Base Constant
D16.4 pH and pOH
D16.5 pH and Ratio of Conjugate Base to Conjugate Acid
D17.1 Acid Strength and Molecular Structure
D17.2 Polyprotic Acids
D18.1 Amino Acids
D18.2 Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation
D19.1 Acid-Base Reactions
D19.2 Reaction Between Amphiprotic Species
D19.3 Buffer Solutions
D19.4 Buffer Capacity
D19.5 Selection of a Suitable Buffer
D20.1 Titration
D20.2 Titration Curves
D20.3 Acid-Base Indicators
D20.4 Titration of Polyprotic Acids and Bases
D21.1 Oxidation-reduction Reactions and Electrochemistry
D21.2 Balancing Redox Reactions
D21.3 Voltaic Cells
D22.1 Standard Half-Cell Potentials
D22.2 Using Standard Half-Cell Potentials
D22.3 Relationships among ΔG°, K°, and E°
D22.4 Nernst Equation
D22.5 Concentration Cells
D23.1 Electrolysis
D23.2 Electroplating
D23.3 Commercial Batteries
D23.4 Primary Batteries
D23.5 Secondary Batteries
D23.6 Fuel Cells
Acid-Base Ionization Constant
Amino Acid Structures
Atomic and Ionic Radius Values
Atomic Weights
Bond Energy and Bond Length
Electrode Potential, Standard
Electron Configurations of Atoms
Electron Affinity
Electronegativity Values
Elemental Abundances
Ionization Energy Values
Organic Nomenclature, Basic
Polyatomic Ions
Solubility Product Constant Values
Thermodynamic Values
Review: Photons
In Depth: Atomic-scale Particles and Waves
In Depth: The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
In Depth: In-Phase and Out-of-Phase
In Depth: Heat Capacity and Calorimetry
Review: Thermochemistry
Days 7-11
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Chem 104 Summer 2024 Copyright © by Jia Zhou; John Moore; and Etienne Garand is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.