Types of Degrees
⚠️ Disclaimer
The information below is generalized and intended to provide a starting point of degree consideration. Program structures, expectations, licensure eligibility, and career outcomes vary significantly by program type (clinical, counseling, forensic, sport, I/O, etc.), institution, and geographic location. It is imperative that students carefully research individual programs—including curriculum, faculty interests, clinical training, accreditation, and licensure pathways—before applying.
Additional information about degree types is included in the following sections of this Graduate School Guide:
- Clinical Paths (Therapy/Counseling)
- Psychology Research Paths
- Applied Psychology Paths
Master’s Degree |
*PsyD
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*PhD
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| Typical Length | 2-3 Years | 4-6 Years | 5-8 Years |
| Focus & Purpose | Training in clinical or applied work | Advanced training in clinical or applied work | Intensive research aimed at contributing new knowledge to the field of psychology |
| Research vs. Practice | Varies by program – many focus on practice; some emphasize research (could serve as prep for PhD) | Primarily practice-oriented with some research | Strong emphasis on research; practice component included |
| Funding | Limited scholarships and assistantships | Limited scholarships and assistantships | Typically funded (waivers and stipends through fellowships/assistantships) |
| Reasons to Choose the Degree | Faster entry into workforce; lower time investment | Doctoral-level training without heavy research | Passion for research, academia, or becoming a professor |
| Best fit for… | Students interested in practical, hands-on roles in psychology or related areas. This path may also appeal to those seeking quicker entry into the workforce or preferring a shorter, less-intensive graduate program than a doctoral degree.
Applicants often have experience in helping roles through internships, paid work, or volunteer positions, but may have limited exposure to research or formal clinical training. |
Students seeking doctoral-level training for advanced knowledge and career placement.
Applicants typically need a strong academic record and relevant experience in helping roles through internships, paid work, or volunteer positions. Unlike PhD programs, PsyD admissions generally do not prioritize research experience and instead focus on readiness for clinical practice and direct service.
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Students with significant research experience—such as lab involvement, independent projects, or honors theses—who demonstrate strong academic preparation and a desire to contribute original scholarship or pursue a career in academia.
PhD programs are highly competitive, and many applicants take a gap year—commonly in a research assistant role—to strengthen their applications.
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*Click here for a more detailed comparison of doctoral degrees (PhD vs. PsyD)
💰 Salary Differences: Master’s vs. Doctoral Degrees in Psychology
In the field of psychology, earning potential tends to increase with higher levels of education and specialization. While master’s-level professionals can earn solid mid-range salaries, doctoral-level psychologists—including those with a PhD or PsyD—typically command higher salaries due to their expanded scope of practice, licensure eligibility, and roles in clinical supervision, testing, and academia.
Note that compensation varies widely by specialization, region, employer type, job function, and individual qualifications. Students should consult with professionals in their intended specialty to get a clearer picture.