Examples of Low-Stakes Writing in UW-Madison Courses
Below are examples of low-stakes writing assignments and activities used by instructors at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
You may also want to check out our step-by-step guide to designing a low-stakes writing assignment. Interested in designing a low-stakes assignment for your course but not sure where to start or what to include? Contact the Writing Across the Curriculum (WAC) team to set up a one-to-one consultation.
Biomedical Engineering – In-Class Mini Essay
Professor Megan McClean outlines an in-class mini essay assignment she uses in her biomedical engineering course (Biomedical Engineering 330: Engineering Principles of Molecules, Cells, & Tissues) to assess students’ understanding of an equation and the concepts associated with that equation. She refers to the evaluation criteria shown below to guide her grading of the assignment.
(1) Learning Outcomes
After completion of this assignment students should have the ability to:
- identify situations that are amenable to analysis using dimensional homogeneity
- clearly explain and summarize, in writing, the concept and importance of dimensional homogeneity
- justify the importance of using dimensional homogeneity in the course and in practical situations (such as analyzing their BME design projects
(2) Assignment Execution
This assignment would be given as an in-class exercise. Students would be allowed to confer in small groups as needed, but each student would be asked to write their own essay. Approximately 15 minutes would be allocated to this assignment. Assignments would be reviewed and graded before the next lecture period, and examples of excellent answers discussed at the beginning of lecture. Common misconceptions present in multiple essays would also be clarified.
(3) Student Prompt
You and a classmate are working on a BME design project to build a better extra ventricular drain for patients suffering from traumatic brain injury. You would like to estimate the pressure drop across a particular piece of cylindrical tubing in your device. Your classmate has already taken BME 330 and comes up with the following formula:
where [latex]\Delta[/latex] p is the pressure drop, [latex]\mu[/latex] is the viscosity of the cerebrospinal fluid, < v > is the average velocity of fluid in the tubing, L is the length and D is the inner diameter of the tubing. Even though we haven’t gotten to the fluids section of transport yet, you can quickly tell that this formula isn’t quite correct.
Write a short explanation (<250 words) explaining to your classmate why this equation cannot be correct. Make sure to state and define the key concept that you are using to determine that the original equation is incorrect. Show how you can use this concept to guess at an appropriate correction to the formula. Explain why this concept is crucial to engineers, and more practically, how it might help you to do better on exams.
(4) Rubric and Grading Criteria
Grade | Criteria |
+ | Explanations in this category will identify the fact that units on both sides of the equation are not balanced, and therefore the equation is not physically possible. Furthermore, explanations in this category will clearly identify and explain the key concept of dimensional homogeneity (which is being violated by the original equation). Explanations will identify D2 in the denominator as a way to satisfy dimensional homogeneity. A compelling argument for the importance of checking dimensional homogeneity in daily practice as an engineer (and as a BME 330 student) will be made. The explanation will be clearly written containing almost no errors in spelling, punctuation, or grammar. |
✓ | Explanations in this category will reveal an understanding of the concept of dimensional homogeneity but may be lacking in clarity or fully developed explanation. Explanations that identify the error in the equation, but do not clearly identify and explain the concept of dimensional homogeneity will fall in this category. Explanations that fail to provide a compelling reason for using the concept of dimensional homogeneity will fall in this category. Explanations that correctly identify the key concepts, but are very poorly written will fall in this category. |
– | These explanations will be unsuccessful because the writer fails to identify the key flaw in the original equation, fails to clearly identify and explain dimensional homogeneity, and/or fails to write a coherent, grammatically correct explanation. Answers that are clearly written, but fail to identify the key error and principle of dimensional homogeneity or misrepresent the principles of dimensional homogeneity will fall in this category. |
Introductory Biology – 100-Word Response
David Abbott outlines a short 100-word response assignment for Introductory Biology to assess students’ understanding of a course concept (the functioning of the dendritic cell). He provides three sample student answers (with instructor feedback) below.
In your own words, and in complete sentences totaling no more than 100 words, discuss why the function of the dendritic cell can be likened to the famous midnight ride of Paul Revere on the night of 18th of April 1775. During these excursions, Revere warned the Massachusetts countryside that the British were coming. Include in your answer HOW aspects of the innate and acquired immune responses, and particularly CD4+ (or helper) T cells, fit into the analogy. Remember, I want to know more about the immunology than the history!
If you want to refresh your memory of the role played by Paul Revere in the American War of Independence (or American Revolutionary War), by all means visit the following website: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Revere
Sample Student Answer #1
Dendritic cells are the “Paul Revere” cells because they warn and alert the rest of the immune system that an invader is inside the body. Dendritic cells display antigen fragments on their class II MHC molecules. Helper T cells then bind to the “flagged” dendritic cell using its T-cell receptor and CD4 molecule forming the immune synapse. The dendritic cells give the T cell the cytokine “message” through the synapse and the T cell activates and releases cytokines arbitrarily. The T cell then undergoes clonal selection and also further goes on to activate the humoral and cell mediated responses.
Instructor Feedback: Nice answer. You are on the right track.
Sample Student Answer #2
Once Paul Revere learned of the bad news, he rode to Lexington warning people of the countryside along the way. Much like Paul, a dendritic cell migrates from peripheral tissues through the lymphatic vessels to the lymph nodes (Lexington) once it ingests a pathogen. This is part of the innate immunity system. By releasing cytokines (analogous to Revere’s warnings) the cell signals for a helper T cell to bind to its TCR and form an immune synapse. This stimulates the T cell to proliferate and form effector cells and memory cells (acquired immunity) in order to combat future invaders, much like the rallying of the American army against the British.
Instructor Feedback: You omitted the dendritic cell attracting binding of helper T cell receptor
Sample Student Answer #3
Dendritic cells are the “Paul Revere” cells because they warn and alert the rest of the immune system that an invader is inside the body. Dendritic cells display antigen fragments on their class II MHC molecules. Helper T cells then bind to the “flagged” dendritic cell using its T-cell receptor and CD4 molecule forming the immune synapse. The dendritic cells give the T cell the cytokine “message” through the synapse and the T cell activates and releases cytokines arbitrarily. The T cell then undergoes clonal selection and also further goes on to activate the humoral and cell mediated responses.
Instructor Feedback: Nice answer. You are on the right track.
Introduction to Physics – Tweet/Thread
Below is an example of a short assignment that uses writing to help students understand and explain a difficult concept in an Introduction to Physics course. The word limit for a tweet/thread encourages students to be clear while also being concise.
Prompt:
Write two tweets (or two threads) to this underwater archer. In the first, tell the archer what needs to be done to hit the target (particularly if the target were a bit further away). In the second, explain why this is the case (adapted from the University of Minnesota).
Photo source: https://gettyimagesgallery.com/images/underwater-archery/
Music – Journal Entries & Live Music Response
Journal
Weekly informal written responses, 1-2 pages in length, double spaced, 12-point type, doc or docx format, are due each Tuesday by 8 am via our Canvas site. Sometimes I will provide writing prompts, other times you have the freedom to use this opportunity to reflect on the readings and listenings in preparation for class participation. Graduate students should challenge themselves to synthesize readings and listening together and/or to draw connections among topics in order to demonstrate the accumulation of perspectives and insights, or to show how new material invites further reflection. Journal responses will be graded high pass/pass/fail. You may take one week off from the assignment, or carry out all the weeks for extra credit. No late assignments will be accepted.
Some journal prompt examples:
- For your first journal entry, find a working definition of “historiography” and then browse texts in the ML197 section in the Mills Music Library. Identify two to compare. How are the texts alike or different? What’s familiar or unfamiliar to you? Most importantly, how are they telling the story or writing the history of music in the 20th century?
- Your second journal response continues our exploration of commercial recording and record labels. On reserve in the Mills Music Library are 5 commercially released LPs from two different labels popular c. 1940 through 1990: Blue Note and New World Records. I will assign you to one of the labels, and I encourage you to work together and share your ideas. Your written response, however, must be your own, although you may identify your collaborators.
Blue Note: Thomas, Mike, Megan, Emma, Carl, Nick, Noah, Nicole, Alex, Ranveer
New World: Courtney, David, Wade, Patrick, Talia, Anna, Lewis, Kenton, Christina, Jacob
In your response reflect upon:
-
- the “personality” or identity of the label. How does it present itself? What kinds of language is used? Who is the intended audience? What do you learn from this primary source?
- reengage with the Filzen and Keightley articles. How are race and gender present—or absent? How has race shaped what’s been recorded on the label?
- your experience with the technology. Choose one of the LPs from your label (or be adventuresome and find another recording from the same label) to listen to and discuss your experience with this mode of recording technology.
-
- Write a response to either the Ancient Voices of Childrenor Knoxville: Summer of 1915 identifying key musical features and what issues the work raised for you as part of the listening experience. (It’s perfectly fine to ask lots of questions rather than to try and provide answers.)
OR
Write a response to the assigned reading in which you summarize the reading in the first paragraph, identity and discuss a key point in the second paragraph, and then draw a connection in the reading to something else covered in class (readings, lectures, discussion, listening.) - Given our upcoming exploration of music and drama, do you have a favorite musical-dramatic work from childhood–perhaps an animated film or movie musical? Describe your relationship with the musico-dramatic work. Reflect on what role the music played in your experience as a listener/consumer. What role did the music play in telling the story? How did music shape the story or your experience?
OR
Return to either the Barber or Crumb works and identify and describe a key moment (or moments) where you find the relationships between the musical setting and the text especially interesting. What is the music doing for the text and how does the text shape the music? - Return to the 10 Learning Goals on the course syllabus. Where, specifically, do you feel you’ve made improvement? Where have you been able to make connections among the content of this course and your other music study and experiences?
OR
Thinking about the cumulative final exam, what would be good topics for essay questions? What are themes or ideas that have cut across works, composers and musical styles? Which composers/performers/musical genres would it be good to revisit for the listening response? If you could choose a great primary source to explore, what would it be?
Live Music Response
Given the course’s emphasis on current music and music-making, it is important to engage with local performances of musics created in the last two decades. I have identified some key opportunities below [omitted for space], and as a class, we will identify other options available. You may identify events of your own choice, but before attending, you must check with me; the “last two decades” criterion is hard and fast. You may not write on an event in which you’re taking part.
Your response should be 2-3 word processed pages in length and provide a description of the event and how it intersects with our ongoing class discussions and case studies. You may want to identify and discuss aspects you found particularly interesting, or compare it to works/practices studied in class. You should try to bring into your response issues we’ve discussed in class concerning reception, audience, tonality, contexts, networks and the realities of race, gender and national identities, etc. Feel free to talk to me about the event before or after. I encourage you to carry out this assignment collaboratively, attending with classmates and discussing your experiences together. Your written response, however, should be entirely your own. Responses are due up no later than two weeks following an event.
Psychology – Mini Projects
Mini-Project 1
Task: Create a flyer or poster that communicates three recommendations for cell-phone usage while walking based on what you learned from class (and extra readings if you want). This is not an abstract issue: there are cities banning cell phone usage while crossing streets (e.g., Honolulu, HI: https://www.npr.org/2017/10/25/560089121/distracted-walking-law-bans-texting-while-crossing-streets-in-honolulu) or using installing new safety technology (e.g., LED strips in Bodegraven Netherlands: http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-38992653)
Each recommendation should be conveyed in an efficient and non-messy manner. With each recommendation should be an explanation of the scientific evidence for it. The explanation can be text and/or graphic.
Mini-Project 2
Task: Write a “mock” letter to a dean that makes two scientifically supported suggestions for improving student performance on tests.
Your letter should be 1-page, single-spaced, with at least 1” margins and a font size of 12.
Mini-Project 3
Task: Write a paper arguing for or against evidence gained from a police interview using what you have learned about testimony, confessions, memory recall, and other cognitive factors.
As discussed in the popular Netflix series Making a Murderer, Brendan Dassey (born in Manitowoc WI) was convicted and found guilty of serious crimes, including, but not limited to, first-degree murder. The case hinges on testimony from Dassey where he confessed to the crime. He later recants his confession, claiming (with his lawyers) that the confession was coerced.
Based on scientific evidence from the cognitive psychology literature, argue for or against that the confession should be taken as valid testimony (beyond a reasonable doubt). Although there are many other factors that might influence your judgment as to the appropriateness of the confession as evidence in court, please only consider factors related to course material. For example, one might argue that his low IQ would make him incapable of knowing the consequences of confessing to a crime – although broadly an appropriate argument, it would not be appropriate for the paper. However, this does not mean that any argument that appeals to his low IQ is inappropriate. If IQ interacts with some sociocognitive factor discussed or closely related to the course material, then that argument would be appropriate for this assignment.
Downloadable versions of each are available on the website. Here are youtube links:
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NYOaIDxirHE
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rJt6j5E1y_s
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-Y_CCkMv3Q
Please refer to three specific instances (with the clock time) during the interview as part of your paper.
Mini-Project 4
Goal: Analyze how choice presentation affects decision-making.
Tasks:
- Create a map of how food are laid out at your dining hall (or favorite grocery store). Turn in the map write a paragraph analyzing the layout in terms of heuristics, biases, and nudging.
- Rearrange the items in the map (a copy of the one from 1) such that people are most likely to make good decisions. Turn in the map and write a paragraph explaining what you mean by “good” and why the arrangement would facilitate good decisions using ideas from heuristics, biases, and nudging.
- Rearrange the items in the map (a copy of the one from 1) such that people are most likely to make bad decisions. Turn in the map and write a paragraph explaining what you mean by “bad” and why the arrangement would facilitate good decisions using ideas from heuristics, biases, and nudging.
- Make three general recommendations for dining hall (or grocery store) designers
- Write one paragraph defending each recommendation using cognitive mechanisms and empirical evidence.
Curriculum & Instruction – When Less is More: The 50-Word Writing Assignment
50-word assignments are sentences (no longer than 50 words!) that answer a challenging question about the reading.
The purpose of 50-word assignments is to:
- consolidate your knowledge of the reading in preparation for discussion
- analyze key issues in the reading
- in light of our course’s topic, pay close attention to word choice and language
- develop your sentence fluency—a skill that will serve you well in longer writing projects
Here’s the first one:
In a sentence no longer than 50 words (the 51st word will suffer a terrible fate!) answer the following question:
According to your reading for today, what is the standard English myth, and which linguistic facts of life support the notion that standard English is a “myth” and not a “reality”?
Criteria for Assessment
To earn a “Late stage” designation: 50-word assignments will directly answer the posed question in a coherent, complete, accurate way; will reflect deep understanding of the reading; and will stay within the word limit.
If your 50-word assignment does not receive a “Late stage of revision” designation, you may revise it based on my feedback to try for a better grade.
*Professor Vieira uses “contract grading,” a form of grading in which an instructor and students cooperate on a contracted number of assignments of specified quality that correspond to specific letter grades.
East Asian Literature/ Asian Languages & Culture – Extra Credit Writing Assignments
It’s tough to get everyone excited about classical Japanese literature: too many descriptions of clothing and gradations of ink. This is a problem, because court poetry–which connects many genres in my field–references both texts and textiles frequently. Poets use patterns as metaphors for feelings, compare the depth of their passion to that of dyes, and show off by describing luxurious fabrics and colors. Help!
Enter the fabulous team at UW-Madison’s School of Human Ecology (SoHE) —Sherry Harlacher, Natasha Thoreson, & their helpers—who spin stories about textiles, with real visuals, Q & A, and things to touch. I can’t say enough about class visits to the lab and standing opportunities to write poems about objects in drawers has improved sensitivity to print descriptions. The SoHE team’s presentations on specific techniques as well as themes in collecting have really opened my students’ eyes to how material culture shapes ideas and their literary expression.
To build on these mandatory field-trips by relating them more closely to Japanese texts, I’ve created paired extra-credit assignments. While I don’t require students to complete them, many do—and not just for the points, as the high response-rate for this option attests. Instead, these assignments take advantage of both gorgeous objects and the chance to play by adapting court poetry to our own time and place.
As shown below, the first assignment asks students to write a short poem in English, demonstrating knowledge of a course text (Tales of Ise, about an amorous hero’s varied relationships) as well as the rules of Japanese court verse. The second assignment responds to a classmate’s poem, revisiting those rules and a point stressed in lecture: Japanese court poetry is a social art. We then discuss examples in class. That helps to build community early in the semester, a nice bonus. I have also found that these exercises allay anxiety about my mandatory writing assignments: close readings of actual court poems. Once you’ve written a couple yourself, deciphering them is not so intimidating. Students also realize that classical Japanese writers had fun, too. That makes for MUCH better close readings and lots of laughs.
Assignment #1:
- Choose one item in the drawers in the Lynn Mecklenburg Reading Room in SoHE that you think Narihira could put to good poetic use.
- Describe its location(left, middle, or right side; number of drawers down from top).
- Speaking as Narihira, compose an English-languagewaka (5 lines, 31 syllables) that expresses your feelings for Takaiko, your sister (episode 49), or the old woman (episode 63). Use the item from step 2 to make your point. Please make sure to specific who the poem is for somewhere in the assignment.
- Remember, the distribution of syllables in waka is 5-7-5-7-7 (beats per line, first through fifth). I can’t wait to read what you come up with!
- Another reminder: the Reading Room’s hours this semester are M-F 8:30am-4:30pm. You could even pop in (briefly) to look through the drawers before class!
Assignment #2:
- Choose someone else’s poem from the first extra-credit exercise (see Canvas). Go to the Mecklenburg Reading Room in SoHE, look at the textile that your classmate used, and write a response to Narihira highlighting at least one new feature of the object to make your point.
- Remember to write as if you are the intended recipient (either Takaiko, Narihira’s sister, or the old lady) of the first poem. How would she answer him? What feature(s) of the object can you use to make that point?
English – Noticing Reports
To encourage students to read and avoid reliance on AI summaries of texts in her upper-level elective course, English 505: Rhetoric of Wellness & Self-Care, Professor Abby Letak has students complete these short reports for each day there is an assigned reading, viewing, or listening. She also uses this assignment to push students to think about their own reactions to a text before coming to class.
Noticing Reports
15 total points (1 point per post)
For every day there is assigned reading/listening/viewing, you have the opportunity to submit a Noticing Report. These reports should consist of at least three “noticings” from the assigned material, complete with page stamps (for readings) or time stamps (for listenings and viewings) for each noticing. Noticings can be in the form of thoughtful comments, reactions, or questions about the material. Each report is worth 1 point, and there will be at least 17 opportunities to write reports (in other words, you get to skip a couple and still get full points). Reports are graded for completion (not having page or time stamps will result in 0 points).
Submit on Canvas.