Appendix 3: Statistical Tables
Table A2.1: t table
cum. prob | t .50 | t .75 | t .80 | t .85 | t .90 | t .95 | t .975 | t .99 | t .995 | t .999 | t .9995 |
one-tail | 0.50 | 0.25 | 0.20 | 0.15 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.025 | 0.01 | 0.005 | 0.001 | 0.0005 |
two-tails | 1.00 | 0.50 | 0.40 | 0.30 | 0.20 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.002 | 0.001 |
df | |||||||||||
1 | 0.000 | 1.000 | 1.376 | 1.963 | 3.078 | 6.314 | 12.71 | 31.82 | 63.66 | 318.31 | 636.62 |
2 | 0.000 | 0.816 | 1.061 | 1.386 | 1.886 | 2.920 | 4.303 | 6.965 | 9.925 | 22.327 | 31.599 |
3 | 0.000 | 0.765 | 0.978 | 1.250 | 1.638 | 2.353 | 3.182 | 4.541 | 5.841 | 10.215 | 12.924 |
4 | 0.000 | 0.741 | 0.941 | 1.190 | 1.533 | 2.132 | 2.776 | 3.747 | 4.604 | 7.173 | 8.610 |
5 | 0.000 | 0.727 | 0.920 | 1.156 | 1.476 | 2.015 | 2.571 | 3.365 | 4.032 | 5.893 | 6.869 |
6 | 0.000 | 0.718 | 0.906 | 1.134 | 1.440 | 1.943 | 2.447 | 3.143 | 3.707 | 5.208 | 5.959 |
7 | 0.000 | 0.711 | 0.896 | 1.119 | 1.415 | 1.895 | 2.365 | 2.998 | 3.499 | 4.785 | 5.408 |
8 | 0.000 | 0.706 | 0.889 | 1.108 | 1.397 | 1.860 | 2.306 | 2.896 | 3.355 | 4.501 | 5.041 |
9 | 0.000 | 0.703 | 0.883 | 1.100 | 1.383 | 1.833 | 2.262 | 2.821 | 3.250 | 4.297 | 4.781 |
10 | 0.000 | 0.700 | 0.879 | 1.093 | 1.372 | 1.812 | 2.228 | 2.764 | 3.169 | 4.144 | 4.587 |
11 | 0.000 | 0.697 | 0.876 | 1.088 | 1.363 | 1.796 | 2.201 | 2.718 | 3.106 | 4.025 | 4.437 |
12 | 0.000 | 0.695 | 0.873 | 1.083 | 1.356 | 1.782 | 2.179 | 2.681 | 3.055 | 3.930 | 4.318 |
13 | 0.000 | 0.694 | 0.870 | 1.079 | 1.350 | 1.771 | 2.160 | 2.650 | 3.012 | 3.852 | 4.221 |
14 | 0.000 | 0.692 | 0.868 | 1.076 | 1.345 | 1.761 | 2.145 | 2.624 | 2.977 | 3.787 | 4.140 |
15 | 0.000 | 0.691 | 0.866 | 1.074 | 1.341 | 1.753 | 2.131 | 2.602 | 2.947 | 3.733 | 4.073 |
16 | 0.000 | 0.690 | 0.865 | 1.071 | 1.337 | 1.746 | 2.120 | 2.583 | 2.921 | 3.686 | 4.015 |
17 | 0.000 | 0.689 | 0.863 | 1.069 | 1.333 | 1.740 | 2.110 | 2.567 | 2.898 | 3.646 | 3.965 |
18 | 0.000 | 0.688 | 0.862 | 1.067 | 1.330 | 1.734 | 2.101 | 2.552 | 2.878 | 3.610 | 3.922 |
19 | 0.000 | 0.688 | 0.861 | 1.066 | 1.328 | 1.729 | 2.093 | 2.539 | 2.861 | 3.579 | 3.883 |
20 | 0.000 | 0.687 | 0.860 | 1.064 | 1.325 | 1.725 | 2.086 | 2.528 | 2.845 | 3.552 | 3.850 |
21 | 0.000 | 0.686 | 0.859 | 1.063 | 1.323 | 1.721 | 2.080 | 2.518 | 2.831 | 3.527 | 3.819 |
22 | 0.000 | 0.686 | 0.858 | 1.061 | 1.321 | 1.717 | 2.074 | 2.508 | 2.819 | 3.505 | 3.792 |
23 | 0.000 | 0.685 | 0.858 | 1.060 | 1.319 | 1.714 | 2.069 | 2.500 | 2.807 | 3.485 | 3.768 |
24 | 0.000 | 0.685 | 0.857 | 1.059 | 1.318 | 1.711 | 2.064 | 2.492 | 2.797 | 3.467 | 3.745 |
25 | 0.000 | 0.684 | 0.856 | 1.058 | 1.316 | 1.708 | 2.060 | 2.485 | 2.787 | 3.450 | 3.725 |
26 | 0.000 | 0.684 | 0.856 | 1.058 | 1.315 | 1.706 | 2.056 | 2.479 | 2.779 | 3.435 | 3.707 |
27 | 0.000 | 0.684 | 0.855 | 1.057 | 1.314 | 1.703 | 2.052 | 2.473 | 2.771 | 3.421 | 3.690 |
28 | 0.000 | 0.683 | 0.855 | 1.056 | 1.313 | 1.701 | 2.048 | 2.467 | 2.763 | 3.408 | 3.674 |
29 | 0.000 | 0.683 | 0.854 | 1.055 | 1.311 | 1.699 | 2.045 | 2.462 | 2.756 | 3.396 | 3.659 |
30 | 0.000 | 0.683 | 0.854 | 1.055 | 1.310 | 1.697 | 2.042 | 2.457 | 2.750 | 3.385 | 3.646 |
40 | 0.000 | 0.681 | 0.851 | 1.050 | 1.303 | 1.684 | 2.021 | 2.423 | 2.704 | 3.307 | 3.551 |
60 | 0.000 | 0.679 | 0.848 | 1.045 | 1.296 | 1.671 | 2.000 | 2.390 | 2.660 | 3.232 | 3.460 |
80 | 0.000 | 0.678 | 0.846 | 1.043 | 1.292 | 1.664 | 1.990 | 2.374 | 2.639 | 3.195 | 3.416 |
100 | 0.000 | 0.677 | 0.845 | 1.042 | 1.290 | 1.660 | 1.984 | 2.364 | 2.626 | 3.174 | 3.390 |
1000 | 0.000 | 0.675 | 0.842 | 1.037 | 1.282 | 1.646 | 1.962 | 2.330 | 2.581 | 3.098 | 3.300 |
z | 0.000 | 0.674 | 0.842 | 1.036 | 1.282 | 1.645 | 1.960 | 2.326 | 2.576 | 3.090 | 3.291 |
0% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% | 95% | 98% | 99% | 99.8% | 99.9% | |
Confidence Level |
Table A2.2: chi-square table
Critical Values for [latex]X^2[/latex] Probability for a value as large or larger than tables value |
|||
Degrees of freedom | Tail Probabilities | ||
0.10 | 0.05 | 0.01 | |
1 | 2.71 | 3.84 | 6.63 |
2 | 4.60 | 5.99 | 9.21 |
3 | 6.25 | 7.81 | 11.34 |
4 | 7.78 | 9.49 | 13.28 |
5 | 9.24 | 11.07 | 15.09 |
6 | 10.64 | 12.59 | 16.81 |
7 | 12.02 | 14.07 | 18.48 |
8 | 13.36 | 15.51 | 20.09 |
9 | 14.68 | 16.92 | 21.67 |
10 | 15.99 | 18.31 | 23.21 |
Table A2.3: F table
F distribution critical values
Table entries are critical values for F* with probably p in right tail of the distribution. The numbers in each row correspond to the degrees of freedom in the numerator (df1) and the numbers in the left-most column correspond to the degrees of freedom in the denominator (df2)
Degrees of freedom in numerator (df1)
|
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(df2) | p | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 12 | 24 | 1000 |
1 | 0.1 | 39.86 | 49.5 | 53.59 | 55.83 | 57.24 | 58.2 | 58.91 | 59.44 | 60.71 | 62 | 63.3 |
0.05 | 161.4 | 199.5 | 215.7 | 224.6 | 230.2 | 234 | 236.8 | 238.9 | 243.9 | 249.1 | 254.2 | |
0.025 | 647.8 | 799.5 | 864.2 | 899.6 | 921.8 | 937.1 | 948.2 | 956.6 | 976.7 | 997.3 | 1017.8 | |
0.01 | 4052 | 4999 | 5404 | 5624 | 5764 | 5859 | 5928 | 5981 | 6107 | 6234 | 6363 | |
0.001 | 405312 | 499725 | 540257 | 562668 | 576496 | 586033 | 593185 | 597954 | 610352 | 623703 | 636101 | |
2 | 0.1 | 8.53 | 9 | 9.16 | 9.24 | 9.29 | 9.33 | 9.35 | 9.37 | 9.41 | 9.45 | 9.49 |
0.05 | 18.51 | 19 | 19.16 | 19.25 | 19.3 | 19.33 | 19.35 | 19.37 | 19.41 | 19.45 | 19.49 | |
0.025 | 38.51 | 39 | 39.17 | 39.25 | 39.3 | 39.33 | 39.36 | 39.37 | 39.41 | 39.46 | 39.5 | |
0.01 | 98.5 | 99 | 99.16 | 99.25 | 99.3 | 99.33 | 99.36 | 99.38 | 99.42 | 99.46 | 99.5 | |
0.001 | 998.38 | 998.84 | 999.31 | 999.31 | 999.31 | 999.31 | 999.31 | 999.31 | 999.31 | 999.31 | 999.31 | |
3 | 0.1 | 5.54 | 5.46 | 5.39 | 5.34 | 5.31 | 5.28 | 5.27 | 5.25 | 5.22 | 5.18 | 5.13 |
0.05 | 10.13 | 9.55 | 9.28 | 9.12 | 9.01 | 8.94 | 8.89 | 8.85 | 8.74 | 8.64 | 8.53 | |
0.025 | 17.44 | 16.04 | 15.44 | 15.1 | 14.88 | 14.73 | 14.62 | 14.54 | 14.34 | 14.12 | 13.91 | |
0.01 | 34.12 | 30.82 | 29.46 | 28.71 | 28.24 | 27.91 | 27.67 | 27.49 | 27.05 | 26.6 | 26.14 | |
0.001 | 167.06 | 148.49 | 141.1 | 137.08 | 134.58 | 132.83 | 131.61 | 130.62 | 128.32 | 125.93 | 123.52 | |
4 | 0.1 | 4.54 | 4.32 | 4.19 | 4.11 | 4.05 | 4.01 | 3.98 | 3.95 | 3.9 | 3.83 | 3.76 |
0.05 | 7.71 | 6.94 | 6.59 | 6.39 | 6.26 | 6.16 | 6.09 | 6.04 | 5.91 | 5.77 | 5.63 | |
0.025 | 12.22 | 10.65 | 9.98 | 9.6 | 9.36 | 9.2 | 9.07 | 8.98 | 8.75 | 8.51 | 8.26 | |
0.01 | 21.2 | 18 | 16.69 | 15.98 | 15.52 | 15.21 | 14.98 | 14.8 | 14.37 | 13.93 | 13.47 | |
0.001 | 74.13 | 61.25 | 56.17 | 53.43 | 51.72 | 50.52 | 49.65 | 49 | 47.41 | 45.77 | 44.09 | |
5 | 0.1 | 4.06 | 3.78 | 3.62 | 3.52 | 3.45 | 3.4 | 3.37 | 3.34 | 3.27 | 3.19 | 3.11 |
0.05 | 6.61 | 5.79 | 5.41 | 5.19 | 5.05 | 4.95 | 4.88 | 4.82 | 4.68 | 4.53 | 4.37 | |
0.025 | 10.01 | 8.43 | 7.76 | 7.39 | 7.15 | 6.98 | 6.85 | 6.76 | 6.52 | 6.28 | 6.02 | |
0.01 | 16.26 | 13.27 | 12.06 | 11.39 | 10.97 | 10.67 | 10.46 | 10.29 | 9.89 | 9.47 | 9.03 | |
0.001 | 47.18 | 37.12 | 33.2 | 31.08 | 29.75 | 28.83 | 28.17 | 27.65 | 26.42 | 25.13 | 23.82 | |
6 | 0.1 | 3.78 | 3.46 | 3.29 | 3.18 | 3.11 | 3.05 | 3.01 | 2.98 | 2.9 | 2.82 | 2.72 |
0.05 | 5.99 | 5.14 | 4.76 | 4.53 | 4.39 | 4.28 | 4.21 | 4.15 | 4 | 3.84 | 3.67 | |
0.025 | 8.81 | 7.26 | 6.6 | 6.23 | 5.99 | 5.82 | 5.7 | 5.6 | 5.37 | 5.12 | 4.86 | |
0.01 | 13.75 | 10.92 | 9.78 | 9.15 | 8.75 | 8.47 | 8.26 | 8.1 | 7.72 | 7.31 | 6.89 | |
0.001 | 35.51 | 27 | 23.71 | 21.92 | 20.8 | 20.03 | 19.46 | 19.03 | 17.99 | 16.9 | 15.77 | |
7 | 0.1 | 3.59 | 3.26 | 3.07 | 2.96 | 2.88 | 2.83 | 2.78 | 2.75 | 2.67 | 2.58 | 2.47 |
0.05 | 5.59 | 4.74 | 4.35 | 4.12 | 3.97 | 3.87 | 3.79 | 3.73 | 3.57 | 3.41 | 3.23 | |
0.025 | 8.07 | 6.54 | 5.89 | 5.52 | 5.29 | 5.12 | 4.99 | 4.9 | 4.67 | 4.41 | 4.15 | |
0.01 | 12.25 | 9.55 | 8.45 | 7.85 | 7.46 | 7.19 | 6.99 | 6.84 | 6.47 | 6.07 | 5.66 | |
0.001 | 29.25 | 21.69 | 18.77 | 17.2 | 16.21 | 15.52 | 15.02 | 14.63 | 13.71 | 12.73 | 11.72 | |
8 | 0.1 | 3.46 | 3.11 | 2.92 | 2.81 | 2.73 | 2.67 | 2.62 | 2.59 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.3 |
0.05 | 5.32 | 4.46 | 4.07 | 3.84 | 3.69 | 3.58 | 3.5 | 3.44 | 3.28 | 3.12 | 2.93 | |
0.025 | 7.57 | 6.06 | 5.42 | 5.05 | 4.82 | 4.65 | 4.53 | 4.43 | 4.2 | 3.95 | 3.68 | |
0.01 | 11.26 | 8.65 | 7.59 | 7.01 | 6.63 | 6.37 | 6.18 | 6.03 | 5.67 | 5.28 | 4.87 | |
0.001 | 25.41 | 18.49 | 15.83 | 14.39 | 13.48 | 12.86 | 12.4 | 12.05 | 11.19 | 10.3 | 9.36 | |
9 | 0.1 | 3.36 | 3.01 | 2.81 | 2.69 | 2.61 | 2.55 | 2.51 | 2.47 | 2.38 | 2.28 | 2.16 |
0.05 | 5.12 | 4.26 | 3.86 | 3.63 | 3.48 | 3.37 | 3.29 | 3.23 | 3.07 | 2.9 | 2.71 | |
0.025 | 7.21 | 5.71 | 5.08 | 4.72 | 4.48 | 4.32 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 3.87 | 3.61 | 3.34 | |
0.01 | 10.56 | 8.02 | 6.99 | 6.42 | 6.06 | 5.8 | 5.61 | 5.47 | 5.11 | 4.73 | 4.32 | |
0.001 | 22.86 | 16.39 | 13.9 | 12.56 | 11.71 | 11.13 | 10.7 | 10.37 | 9.57 | 8.72 | 7.84 | |
10 | 0.1 | 3.29 | 2.92 | 2.73 | 2.61 | 2.52 | 2.46 | 2.41 | 2.38 | 2.28 | 2.18 | 2.06 |
0.05 | 4.96 | 4.1 | 3.71 | 3.48 | 3.33 | 3.22 | 3.14 | 3.07 | 2.91 | 2.74 | 2.54 | |
0.025 | 6.94 | 5.46 | 4.83 | 4.47 | 4.24 | 4.07 | 3.95 | 3.85 | 3.62 | 3.37 | 3.09 | |
0.01 | 10.04 | 7.56 | 6.55 | 5.99 | 5.64 | 5.39 | 5.2 | 5.06 | 4.71 | 4.33 | 3.92 | |
0.001 | 21.04 | 14.9 | 12.55 | 11.28 | 10.48 | 9.93 | 9.52 | 9.2 | 8.45 | 7.64 | 6.78 | |
12 | 0.1 | 3.18 | 2.81 | 2.61 | 2.48 | 2.39 | 2.33 | 2.28 | 2.24 | 2.15 | 2.04 | 1.91 |
0.05 | 4.75 | 3.89 | 3.49 | 3.26 | 3.11 | 3 | 2.91 | 2.85 | 2.69 | 2.51 | 2.3 | |
0.025 | 6.55 | 5.1 | 4.47 | 4.12 | 3.89 | 3.73 | 3.61 | 3.51 | 3.28 | 3.02 | 2.73 | |
0.01 | 9.33 | 6.93 | 5.95 | 5.41 | 5.06 | 4.82 | 4.64 | 4.5 | 4.16 | 3.78 | 3.37 | |
0.001 | 18.64 | 12.97 | 10.8 | 9.63 | 8.89 | 8.38 | 8 | 7.71 | 7 | 6.25 | 5.44 | |
14 | 0.1 | 3.1 | 2.73 | 2.52 | 2.39 | 2.31 | 2.24 | 2.19 | 2.15 | 2.05 | 1.94 | 1.8 |
0.05 | 4.6 | 3.74 | 3.34 | 3.11 | 2.96 | 2.85 | 2.76 | 2.7 | 2.53 | 2.35 | 2.14 | |
0.025 | 6.3 | 4.86 | 4.24 | 3.89 | 3.66 | 3.5 | 3.38 | 3.29 | 3.05 | 2.79 | 2.5 | |
0.01 | 8.86 | 6.51 | 5.56 | 5.04 | 4.69 | 4.46 | 4.28 | 4.14 | 3.8 | 3.43 | 3.02 | |
0.001 | 17.14 | 11.78 | 9.73 | 8.62 | 7.92 | 7.44 | 7.08 | 6.8 | 6.13 | 5.41 | 4.62 | |
16 | 0.1 | 3.05 | 2.67 | 2.46 | 2.33 | 2.24 | 2.18 | 2.13 | 2.09 | 1.99 | 1.87 | 1.72 |
0.05 | 4.49 | 3.63 | 3.24 | 3.01 | 2.85 | 2.74 | 2.66 | 2.59 | 2.42 | 2.24 | 2.02 | |
0.025 | 6.12 | 4.69 | 4.08 | 3.73 | 3.5 | 3.34 | 3.22 | 3.12 | 2.89 | 2.63 | 2.32 | |
0.01 | 8.53 | 6.23 | 5.29 | 4.77 | 4.44 | 4.2 | 4.03 | 3.89 | 3.55 | 3.18 | 2.76 | |
0.001 | 16.12 | 10.97 | 9.01 | 7.94 | 7.27 | 6.8 | 6.46 | 6.2 | 5.55 | 4.85 | 4.08 | |
18 | 0.1 | 3.01 | 2.62 | 2.42 | 2.29 | 2.2 | 2.13 | 2.08 | 2.04 | 1.93 | 1.81 | 1.66 |
0.05 | 4.41 | 3.55 | 3.16 | 2.93 | 2.77 | 2.66 | 2.58 | 2.51 | 2.34 | 2.15 | 1.92 | |
0.025 | 5.98 | 4.56 | 3.95 | 3.61 | 3.38 | 3.22 | 3.1 | 3.01 | 2.77 | 2.5 | 2.2 | |
0.01 | 8.29 | 6.01 | 5.09 | 4.58 | 4.25 | 4.01 | 3.84 | 3.71 | 3.37 | 3 | 2.58 | |
0.001 | 15.38 | 10.39 | 8.49 | 7.46 | 6.81 | 6.35 | 6.02 | 5.76 | 5.13 | 4.45 | 3.69 | |
20 | 0.1 | 2.97 | 2.59 | 2.38 | 2.25 | 2.16 | 2.09 | 2.04 | 2 | 1.89 | 1.77 | 1.61 |
0.05 | 4.35 | 3.49 | 3.1 | 2.87 | 2.71 | 2.6 | 2.51 | 2.45 | 2.28 | 2.08 | 1.85 | |
0.025 | 5.87 | 4.46 | 3.86 | 3.51 | 3.29 | 3.13 | 3.01 | 2.91 | 2.68 | 2.41 | 2.09 | |
0.01 | 8.1 | 5.85 | 4.94 | 4.43 | 4.1 | 3.87 | 3.7 | 3.56 | 3.23 | 2.86 | 2.43 | |
0.001 | 14.82 | 9.95 | 8.1 | 7.1 | 6.46 | 6.02 | 5.69 | 5.44 | 4.82 | 4.15 | 3.4 | |
30 | 0.1 | 2.88 | 2.49 | 2.28 | 2.14 | 2.05 | 1.98 | 1.93 | 1.88 | 1.77 | 1.64 | 1.46 |
0.05 | 4.17 | 3.32 | 2.92 | 2.69 | 2.53 | 2.42 | 2.33 | 2.27 | 2.09 | 1.89 | 1.63 | |
0.025 | 5.57 | 4.18 | 3.59 | 3.25 | 3.03 | 2.87 | 2.75 | 2.65 | 2.41 | 2.14 | 1.8 | |
0.01 | 7.56 | 5.39 | 4.51 | 4.02 | 3.7 | 3.47 | 3.3 | 3.17 | 2.84 | 2.47 | 2.02 | |
0.001 | 13.29 | 8.77 | 7.05 | 6.12 | 5.53 | 5.12 | 4.82 | 4.58 | 4 | 3.36 | 2.61 | |
50 | 0.1 | 2.81 | 2.41 | 2.2 | 2.06 | 1.97 | 1.9 | 1.84 | 1.8 | 1.68 | 1.54 | 1.33 |
0.05 | 4.03 | 3.18 | 2.79 | 2.56 | 2.4 | 2.29 | 2.2 | 2.13 | 1.95 | 1.74 | 1.45 | |
0.025 | 5.34 | 3.97 | 3.39 | 3.05 | 2.83 | 2.67 | 2.55 | 2.46 | 2.22 | 1.93 | 1.56 | |
0.01 | 7.17 | 5.06 | 4.2 | 3.72 | 3.41 | 3.19 | 3.02 | 2.89 | 2.56 | 2.18 | 1.7 | |
0.001 | 12.22 | 7.96 | 6.34 | 5.46 | 4.9 | 4.51 | 4.22 | 4 | 3.44 | 2.82 | 2.05 | |
100 | 0.1 | 2.76 | 2.36 | 2.14 | 2 | 1.91 | 1.83 | 1.78 | 1.73 | 1.61 | 1.46 | 1.22 |
0.05 | 3.94 | 3.09 | 2.7 | 2.46 | 2.31 | 2.19 | 2.1 | 2.03 | 1.85 | 1.63 | 1.3 | |
0.025 | 5.18 | 3.83 | 3.25 | 2.92 | 2.7 | 2.54 | 2.42 | 2.32 | 2.08 | 1.78 | 1.36 | |
0.01 | 6.9 | 4.82 | 3.98 | 3.51 | 3.21 | 2.99 | 2.82 | 2.69 | 2.37 | 1.98 | 1.45 | |
0.001 | 11.5 | 7.41 | 5.86 | 5.02 | 4.48 | 4.11 | 3.83 | 3.61 | 3.07 | 2.46 | 1.64 | |
1000 | 0.1 | 2.71 | 2.31 | 2.09 | 1.95 | 1.85 | 1.78 | 1.72 | 1.68 | 1.55 | 1.39 | 1.08 |
0.05 | 3.85 | 3 | 2.61 | 2.38 | 2.22 | 2.11 | 2.02 | 1.95 | 1.76 | 1.53 | 1.11 | |
0.025 | 5.04 | 3.7 | 3.13 | 2.8 | 2.58 | 2.42 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 1.96 | 1.65 | 1.13 | |
0.01 | 6.66 | 4.63 | 3.8 | 3.34 | 3.04 | 2.82 | 2.66 | 2.53 | 2.2 | 1.81 | 1.16 | |
0.001 | 10.89 | 6.96 | 5.46 | 4.65 | 4.14 | 3.78 | 3.51 | 3.3 | 2.77 | 2.16 | 1.22 |