Main Body
Lição 22
Lesson Objectives- Objetivos da Lição
Lição 22 presents:
- the formation and usage of the past subjunctive and
- new vocabulary.
After completing this lesson, the student will be able to:
- recognize and produce forms of verbs in the past subjunctive.
- differentiate between the different contextual uses of if clauses.
Grammar – Gramática
The Imperfect or Past Subjunctive – O passado do subjuntivo
The past subjunctive is formed by dropping the –ram from the third person plural of the preterite and adding the following endings:
Verbos Regulares
| falar = falaram | comer = comeram | abrir = abriram |
| falasse | comesse | abrisse |
| falasse | comesse | abrisse |
| falássemos | comêssemos | abríssemos |
| falassem | comessem | abrissem |
Verbos Irregulares
| fazer = fizeram | vir = vieram | ver = viram | ser/ir = foram |
| fizesse | viesse | visse | fosse |
| fizesse | viesse | visse | fosse |
| fizéssemos | viéssemos | víssemos | fôssemos |
| fizessem | viessem | vissem | fossem |
An acute accent (´) must be written on the first person plural form of:
All regular verbs of the first (-AR) and third conjugations (-IR).
| falássemos | abríssemos | praticássemos | dormíssemos |
All irregular verbs except ser and ir.
| disséssemos | quiséssemos | déssemos | estivéssemos |
A circumflex (ˆ) must be written on the first person plural form of all regular verbs of the second conjugation (-ER) and of ser and ir.
| comêssemos | aprendêssemos | fôssemos | conhecêssemos |
22.1 Practice – Prática
22.1 A.
22.1 B.
Uses of the Imperfect or Past Subjunctive – Usos do passado do subjuntivo
The imperfect subjunctive is used in dependent noun clauses after verbs of commanding, wishing, emotion, doubting, etc., when the main verb of the sentence is in a past tense or in the conditional tense. (See Lição 15 for use of subjunctive in dependent noun clauses).
| Ele mandou que eu me sentasse. | [He told me to sit down.] |
| Pedi-lhes que me dessem seu número de telefone. | [I asked them to give me their telephone number.] |
| Duvidávamos que ela viesse de ônibus. | [We doubted that she would come by bus.] |
| Queriam que nós escolhêssemos por eles. | [They wanted us to order for them.] |
The imperfect subjunctive is used in dependent adjective clauses (1) when the antecedent is negative, nonexistent, or indefinite, and (2) when the main verb of the sentence is past or conditional. (Compare with Lição 20).
| Não conhecíamos ninguém que pudesse informar-nos. | [We didn’t know anyone who could inform us.] |
| Ela gostaria de morar num apartamento que ficasse perto da faculdade. | [She would like to live in an apartment that is near campus.] |
The imperfect subjunctive is used in a conditional “if” clause when the idea is contrary to fact or when uncertainty is implied.
| Se tivesse dinheiro, ele iria ao Brasil. | [If he had the money, he would go to Brazil.] |
| Se a casa fosse maior, nós a compraríamos. | [If the house were larger, we would buy it.] |
22.2 Practice – Prática
22.2 A.
22.2 B.
22.2 C.
22.2 D. Escreva orações originais usando a sequência dos tempos verbais sugerida no modelo:
Se eu não tivesse problemas, eu seria muito feliz.
1. ter tempo / fazer
2. ter dinheiro / não deixar de
3. poder / sair com
4. ser / ter ciúmes
5. estar contente / sorrir
6. ser o presidente / sugerir
7. ser verão / não ir
8. ir ao médico / dar uma receita
9. conhecer um senador / arranjar um emprego
10. querer / sair sem pagar
11. ler / não acreditar
12. saber tudo / deixar de
When se means “whether,” no subjunctive is used in the dependent clause.
| Não sabíamos se eles iam viajar juntos. | [We didn’t know whether they were going to be traveling together.] |
When the result (or independent) clause indicates habitual action in the past, no subjunctive is used in the if clause since no condition is implied. The verb in each clause must be in the imperfect tense. The word se in these sentences can be translated as whenever or if.
| Se eu não sabia a resposta, perguntava a um colega. | [Whenever I didn’t know the answer, I would ask an office mate.] |
| Se a gente demorava, Ana se preocupava. | [If we were late, Ana would worry.] |
Como se is always followed by the imperfect subjunctive regardless of the tense of the main verb:
| Você fala como se soubesse tudo. | [You talk as if you knew everything.] |
| Eles gastavam como se fossem milionários. | [They used to spend money as if they were millionaires.] |
Vocabulary – Vocabulário
- o ano letivo [school year]
- a atividade [activity]
- a bolsa de estudos [scholarship; grant]
- o costume [custom]
- as despesas [expenses]
- doido, -a [crazy]
- o empréstimo [loan]
- a finança [finance]
- o formulário [form]
- os gastos [expenses]
- inteiro, -a [entire, whole]
- louco, -a [crazy]
- o orçamento [budget]
- o pedido [request]
- a questão (-ões) [issue]
- o resultado [result]
- a verba [government funds]
Verbs – Verbos
- aprovar [to approve]
- arranjar [to arrange for, get]
- assinar [to sign; subscribe]
- conceder [to grant, give]
- limitar [to limit]
- preencher [to fill out (a form)]
- reembolsar [reimburse]
- renovar [to renew, renovate]
- solicitar [request]
Expressions – Expressões
- à espera de [hoping to, in the hope of, waiting for]
- a não ser (+ noun or inf.) [besides, except]
- de qualquer jeito/modo [anyway; at any rate]
- estar doido, -a para (+ inf.) [to be dying to]
- ser doido, -a por (+ noun or pronoun) [to be crazy about]
- Não há outro remédio… [There’s no other way…]
22.2 Pratice- Prática
22.2 A. Traduza:
1. Whenever I was really tired, I would sleep late.
2. They didn’t know we were so crazy about soccer.
3. They treated him as if he were family.
4. There is nothing in the refrigerator except beer.
5. We were dying to find out who won the lottery.
6. If I were you, I wouldn’t do that.
