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Disjunctive personal pronouns
The disjunctive personal pronouns, so called because in many cases they are not used as the subject of a verb, are listed below:
| Singular | Plural | |
| First Person | me me | noi us |
| Second Person | te you (familiar) | voi you (familiar) |
| Third Person |
lui him lei her esso him, it essa her, it Lei you (polite) sè himself, herself, |
loro them (m., f.)
essi them (m.) esse them (f.) Loro you (polite) sè themselves (reflexive) |
The principal use of the disjunctive pronouns is as objects of prepositions. They are also used in place of conjunctive pronouns (direct and indirect objects of verbs) when greater emphasis, clarity, or contrast is desired or when a verb has two or more direct or indirect objects.
Ho mandato la lettera a te. — I sent the letter to you.
Il cameriere porta il caffè a noi. — The waiter is bringing coffee to us.
Cercavo voi. — I was looking for you all.
Ascoltano me. — They are listening to me.
VOCABULARY A
| alba dawn |
concezione (f.) conception |
creato (noun) creation |
gioia joy |
| gioiello jewel |
Medio Evo Middle Ages |
meraviglia wonder |
mondano worldly |
| rimanga remains, is left (3d. sing. pres. subj., rimanere) |
spuntare to appear |
storico (noun) historian |
tredicesimo thirteenth |
| tuttora still, even now |
Vangelo Gospel |
VOCABULARY B
| avere bisogno di to need |
cercare to look for, to search for |
da by; from |
po’ = poco |
| vieni come (2d. sing. pres., venire) |
VOCABULARY C
| atto (adj.) apt, fit; able; (noun) act, action |
avvenimento event |
avvocato lawyer |
badare to pay attention to, to be careful of, to watch |
| disegno drawing, sketch |
far forca to play hooky |
imbrogliare to mix up, to confuse |
infatti in fact, as a matter of fact, indeed |
| ordinatamente tidily, in an orderly way |
piacque (it) pleased (3d. sing. past abs., piacere) |
ritrasse got, derived (3d. sing. past abs., ritrarre) |
segno sign |
| suono sound |
svogliatezza indifference, laziness |
toccare to be someone’s job, to be up to someone |
tracciare to trace, to draw |
| trascuratezza carelessness, negligence |
vantarsi to boast, to brag, to be proud |
VOCABULARY D
| affrettarsi to hasten, to hurry |
appena as soon as |
convinzione conviction, persuasion |
diciottesimo eighteenth |
| esperienza experience; experiment |
incomposto disorderly |
lucidezza lucidity |
magno great |
| negare to deny, to refuse |
potere (m. noun) power |
rana frog |
rivolgere to turn |
| schietto pure, genuine |
sforzarsi to strive |
sia pur even if, be it |
talvolta sometimes, at times |
| tradurre to translate |