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Present perfect subjunctive
The present perfect subjunctive is formed by adding the past participle of the main verb to the present subjunctive of the auxiliary (avere or essere).
The present perfect subjunctive has the same uses as the present subjunctive, except for the sequence of tenses.
Compare:
Sono contento ch’egli stia bene. — I am glad that he is well.
Sono contenta ch’egli sia partito. — I am glad he left.
Vorrà ch’io vada con lei. — She will want me to go with her.
Non gli dica che te l’abbia detto io. — Don’t tell him that I told you.
Dubiterà ch’io sia uscito. — He will doubt that I went out.
Thus, as these examples show, a main verb in the present, future, or imperative may be followed by a verb in the present subjunctive or in the present perfect subjunctive. The present perfect subjunctive will be used whenever the action of the dependent clause is past in relation to the principal clause.
VOCABULARY
| coloro che those (people) who |
cucinare to cook |
errare to err, to be mistaken |
gridare to shout, to cry |
| in ritardo late |
mi dispiace I am sorry |
ricordarsi to remember |
rivolgersi to turn |
| sperare to hope |