Appendix
Electron Configuration
Ground State Electron Configuration of Atoms
| Atomic No. | Element | Configuration |
|---|---|---|
|
1
|
H
|
1s1
|
|
2
|
He
|
1s2
|
|
3
|
Li
|
[He] 2s1
|
|
4
|
Be
|
[He] 2s2
|
|
5
|
B
|
[He] 2s22p1
|
|
6
|
C
|
[He] 2s22p2
|
|
7
|
N
|
[He] 2s22p3
|
|
8
|
O
|
[He] 2s22p4
|
|
9
|
F
|
[He] 2s22p5
|
|
10
|
Ne
|
[He] 2s22p6
|
|
11
|
Na
|
[Ne] 3s1
|
|
12
|
Mg
|
[Ne] 3s2
|
|
13
|
Al
|
[Ne] 3s23p1
|
|
14
|
Si
|
[Ne] 3s23p2
|
|
15
|
P
|
[Ne] 3s23p3
|
|
16
|
S
|
[Ne] 3s23p4
|
|
17
|
Cl
|
[Ne] 3s23p5
|
|
18
|
Ar
|
[Ne] 3s23p6
|
|
19
|
K
|
[Ar] 4s1
|
|
20
|
Ca
|
[Ar] 4s2
|
|
21
|
Sc
|
[Ar] 3d14s2
|
|
22
|
Ti
|
[Ar] 3d24s2
|
|
23
|
V
|
[Ar] 3d34s2
|
|
24
|
Cr
|
[Ar] 3d54s1
|
|
25
|
Mn
|
[Ar] 3d54s2
|
|
26
|
Fe
|
[Ar] 3d64s2
|
|
27
|
Co
|
[Ar] 3d74s2
|
|
28
|
Ni
|
[Ar] 3d84s2
|
|
29
|
Cu
|
[Ar] 3d104s1
|
|
30
|
Zn
|
[Ar] 3d104s2
|
|
31
|
Ga
|
[Ar] 3d104s24p1
|
|
32
|
Ge
|
[Ar] 3d104s24p2
|
|
33
|
As
|
[Ar] 3d104s24p3
|
|
34
|
Se
|
[Ar] 3d104s24p4
|
|
35
|
Br
|
[Ar] 3d104s24p5
|
|
36
|
Kr
|
[Ar] 3d104s24p6
|
|
37
|
Rb
|
[Kr] 5s1
|
|
38
|
Sr
|
[Kr] 5s2
|
|
39
|
Y
|
[Kr]4d15s2
|
|
40
|
Zr
|
[Kr] 4d25s2
|
|
41
|
Nb
|
[Kr] 4d45s1
|
|
42
|
Mo
|
[Kr] 4d55s1
|
|
43
|
Tc
|
[Kr] 4d55s2
|
|
44
|
Ru
|
[Kr] 4d75s1
|
|
45
|
Rh
|
[Kr] 4d85s1
|
|
46
|
Pd
|
[Kr] 4d10
|
|
47
|
Ag
|
[Kr] 4d105s1
|
|
48
|
Cd
|
[Kr] 4d105s2
|
|
49
|
In
|
[Kr] 4d105s25p1
|
|
50
|
Sn
|
[Kr] 4d105s25p2
|
|
51
|
Sb
|
[Kr] 4d105s25p3
|
|
52
|
Te
|
[Kr] 4d105s25p4
|
|
53
|
I
|
[Kr] 4d105s25p5
|
|
54
|
Xe
|
[Kr] 4d105s25p6
|
|
55
|
Cs
|
[Xe] 6s1
|
|
56
|
Ba
|
[Xe] 6s2
|
|
57
|
La
|
[Xe] 5d16s2
|
|
58
|
Ce
|
[Xe] 4f15d16s2
|
|
59
|
Pr
|
[Xe] 4f36s2
|
|
60
|
Nd
|
[Xe] 4f46s2
|
|
61
|
Pm
|
[Xe] 4f56s2
|
|
62
|
Sm
|
[Xe] 4f66s2
|
|
63
|
Eu
|
[Xe] 4f76s2
|
|
64
|
Gd
|
[Xe] 4f75d16s2
|
|
65
|
Tb
|
[Xe] 4f96s2
|
|
66
|
Dy
|
[Xe] 4f106s2
|
|
67
|
Ho
|
[Xe] 4f116s2
|
|
68
|
Er
|
[Xe] 4f126s2
|
|
69
|
Tm
|
[Xe] 4f136s2
|
|
70
|
Yb
|
[Xe] 4f146s2
|
|
71
|
Lu
|
[Xe] 4f145d16s2
|
|
72
|
Hf
|
[Xe] 4f145d26s2
|
|
73
|
Ta
|
[Xe] 4f145d36s2
|
|
74
|
W
|
[Xe] 4f145d46s2
|
|
75
|
Re
|
[Xe] 4f145d56s2
|
|
76
|
Os
|
[Xe] 4f145d66s2
|
|
77
|
Ir
|
[Xe] 4f145d76s2
|
|
78
|
Pt
|
[Xe] 4f145d96s1
|
|
79
|
Au
|
[Xe] 4f145d106s1
|
|
80
|
Hg
|
[Xe] 4f145d106s2
|
|
81
|
Tl
|
[Xe] 4f145d106s26p1
|
|
82
|
Pb
|
[Xe] 4f145d106s26p2
|
|
83
|
Bi
|
[Xe] 4f145d106s26p3
|
|
84
|
Po
|
[Xe] 4f145d106s26p4
|
|
85
|
At
|
[Xe] 4f145d106s26p5
|
|
86
|
Rn
|
[Xe] 4f145d106s26p6
|
|
87
|
Fr
|
[Rn] 7s1
|
|
88
|
Ra
|
[Rn] 7s2
|
|
89
|
Ac
|
[Rn] 6d17s2
|
|
90
|
Th
|
[Rn] 6d27s2
|
|
91
|
Pa
|
[Rn] 5f26d17s2
|
|
92
|
U
|
[Rn] 5f36d17s2
|
|
93
|
Np
|
[Rn] 5f46d17s2
|
|
94
|
Pu
|
[Rn] 5f67s2
|
|
95
|
Am
|
[Rn] 5f77s2
|
|
96
|
Cm
|
[Rn] 5f76d17s2
|
|
97
|
Bk
|
[Rn] 5f97s2
|
|
98
|
Cf
|
[Rn] 5f107s2
|
|
99
|
Es
|
[Rn] 5f117s2
|
|
100
|
Fm
|
[Rn] 5f127s2
|
|
101
|
Md
|
[Rn] 5f137s2
|
|
102
|
No
|
[Rn] 5f147s2
|
|
103
|
Lr
|
[Rn] 5f147s27p1
|
|
104
|
Rf
|
[Rn] 5f146d27s2
|
|
105
|
Db
|
[Rn] 5f146d37s2
|
|
106
|
Sg
|
[Rn] 5f146d47s2
|
|
107
|
Bh
|
[Rn] 5f146d57s2
|
|
108
|
Hs
|
[Rn] 5f146d67s2
|
|
109
|
Mt
|
[Rn] 5f146d77s2
|
|
110
|
Ds
|
[Rn] 5f146d97s1
|
|
111
|
Rg
|
[Rn] 5f146d107s1
|
|
112
|
Cn
|
[Rn] 5f146d107s2
|
|
113
|
—
|
[Rn] 5f146d27s27p1
|
|
114
|
Fl
|
[Rn] 5f146d27s27p2
|
|
115
|
—
|
[Rn] 5f146d27s27p3
|
|
116
|
Lv
|
[Rn] 5f146d27s27p4
|
|
117
|
—
|
[Rn] 5f146d107s27p5
|
|
118
|
—
|
[Rn] 5f146d107s27p6
|
| All electron configurations in this table are from experimental determinations except for elements 103-118, which are predicted theoretically. For elements 103-118, only a few atoms can be produced at a time and it is very difficult to determine electron configurations. | ||
