Appendix
Solubility Product Constant
Solubility Product Constants for Select Compounds
Ksp determined at 25 °C.
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|
Substance
|
Ksp
|
|---|---|
|
Aluminum Compounds
|
|
|
AlAsO4
|
1.6 × 10−16
|
|
Al(OH)3 amorphous
|
1.3 × 10−33
|
|
AlPO4
|
6.3 × 10−19
|
|
Barium Compounds
|
|
|
Ba3(AsO4)2
|
8.0 × 10−15
|
|
BaCO3
|
5.1 × 10−9
|
|
BaC2O4
|
1.6 × 10−7
|
|
BaCrO4
|
1.2 × 10−10
|
|
BaF2
|
1.0 × 10−6
|
|
Ba(OH)2
|
5 × 10−3
|
|
Ba3(PO4)2
|
3.4 × 10−23
|
|
BaSeO4
|
3.5 × 10−8
|
|
BaSO4
|
1.1 × 10−10
|
|
BaSO3
|
8 × 10−7
|
|
BaS2O3
|
1.6 × 10−5
|
|
Bismuth Compounds
|
|
|
BiAsO4
|
4.4 × 10−10
|
|
BiOCl‡
|
1.8 × 10−31
|
|
BiO(OH)
|
4 × 10−10
|
|
Bi(OH)3
|
4 × 10−31
|
|
BiI3
|
8.1 × 10−19
|
|
BiPO4
|
1.3 × 10−23
|
|
Cadmium Compounds
|
|
|
Cd3(AsO4)2
|
2.2 × 10−33
|
|
CdCO3
|
5.2 × 10−12
|
|
Cd(CN)2
|
1.0 × 10−8
|
|
Cd2[Fe(CN)6]
|
3.2 × 10−17
|
|
Cd(OH)2 fresh
|
2.5 × 10−14
|
|
Calcium Compounds
|
|
|
Ca3(AsO4)2
|
6.8 × 10−19
|
|
CaCO3
|
2.8 × 10−9
|
|
CaCrO4
|
7.1 × 10−4
|
|
CaC2O4·H2O§
|
4 × 10−9
|
|
CaF2
|
5.3 × 10−9
|
|
Ca(OH)2
|
5.5 × 10−6
|
|
CaHPO4
|
1 × 10−7
|
|
Ca3(PO4)2
|
2.0 × 10−29
|
|
CaSeO4
|
8.1 × 10−4
|
|
CaSO4
|
9.1 × 10−6
|
|
CaSO3
|
6.8 × 10−8
|
|
Chromium Compounds
|
|
|
CrAsO4
|
7.7 × 10−21
|
|
Cr(OH)2
|
2 × 10−16
|
|
Cr(OH)3
|
6.3 × 10−31
|
|
CrPO4·4H2O green§
|
2.4 × 10−23
|
|
CrPO4·4H2O violet§
|
1.0 × 10−17
|
|
Cobalt Compounds
|
|
|
Co3(AsO4)2
|
7.6 × 10−29
|
|
CoCO3
|
1.4 × 10−13
|
|
Co(OH)2 fresh
|
1.6 × 10−15
|
|
Co(OH)3
|
1.6 × 10−44
|
|
CoHPO4
|
2 × 10−7
|
|
Co3(PO4)2
|
2 × 10−35
|
|
Copper Compounds
|
|
|
CuBr
|
5.3 × 10−9
|
|
CuCl
|
1.2 × 10−6
|
|
CuCN
|
3.2 × 10−20
|
|
CuI
|
1.1 × 10−12
|
|
CuOH
|
1 × 10−14
|
|
CuSCN
|
4.8 × 10−15
|
|
Cu3(AsO4)2
|
7.6 × 10−36
|
|
CuCO3
|
1.4 × 10−10
|
|
Cu2[Fe(CN)6]
|
1.3 × 10−16
|
|
Cu(OH)2
|
2.2 × 10−20
|
|
Cu3(PO4)2
|
1.3 × 10−37
|
|
Gold Compounds
|
|
|
AuCl
|
2.0 × 10−13
|
|
AuI
|
1.6 × 10−23
|
|
AuCl3
|
3.2 × 10−25
|
|
Au(OH)3
|
5.5 × 10−46
|
|
AuI3
|
1 × 10−46
|
|
Iron Compounds
|
|
|
FeCO3
|
3.2 × 10−11
|
|
Fe(OH)2
|
8.0 × 10−16
|
|
FeC2O4·2H2O§
|
3.2 × 10−7
|
|
FeAsO4
|
5.7 × 10−21
|
|
Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3
|
3.3 × 10−41
|
|
Fe(OH)3
|
4 × 10−38
|
|
FePO4
|
1.3 × 10−22
|
|
Lead Compounds
|
|
|
Pb3(AsO4)2
|
4.0 × 10−36
|
|
PbBr2
|
4.0 × 10−5
|
|
PbCO3
|
7.4 × 10−14
|
|
PbCl2
|
1.6 × 10−5
|
|
PbCrO4
|
2.8 × 10−13
|
|
PbF2
|
2.7 × 10−8
|
|
Pb(OH)2
|
1.2 × 10−15
|
|
PbI2
|
7.1 × 10−9
|
|
PbC2O4
|
4.8 × 10−10
|
|
PbHPO4
|
1.3 × 10−10
|
|
Pb3(PO4)2
|
8.0 × 10−43
|
|
PbSeO4
|
1.4 × 10−7
|
|
PbSO4
|
1.6 × 10−8
|
|
Pb(SCN)2
|
2.0 × 10−5
|
|
Magnesium Compounds
|
|
|
Mg3(AsO4)2
|
2.1 × 10−20
|
|
MgCO3
|
3.5 × 10−8
|
|
MgCO3·3H2O§
|
2.1 × 10−5
|
|
MgC2O4·2H2O§
|
1 × 10−8
|
|
MgF2
|
6.5 × 10−9
|
|
Mg(OH)2
|
1.8 × 10−11
|
|
Mg3(PO4)2
|
10−23 to 10−27
|
|
MgSeO3
|
1.3 × 10−5
|
|
MgSO3
|
3.2 × 10−3
|
|
MgNH4PO4
|
2.5 × 10−13
|
|
Manganese Compounds
|
|
|
Mn3(AsO4)2
|
1.9 × 10−29
|
|
MnCO3
|
1.8 × 10−11
|
|
Mn2[Fe(CN)6]
|
8.0 × 10−13
|
|
Mn(OH)2
|
1.9 × 10−13
|
|
MnC2O4·2H2O§
|
1.1 × 10−15
|
|
Mercury Compounds
|
|
|
Hg2Br2
|
5.6 × 10−23
|
|
Hg2CO3
|
8.9 × 10−17
|
|
Hg2(CN)2
|
5 × 10−40
|
|
Hg2Cl2
|
1.3 × 10−18
|
|
Hg2CrO4
|
2.0 × 10−9
|
|
Hg(OH)2
|
2.0 × 10−24
|
|
Hg2I2
|
4.5 × 10−29
|
|
Hg2SO4
|
7.4 × 10−7
|
|
Hg2SO3
|
1.0 × 10−27
|
|
Hg2(OH)2
|
2.0 × 10−24
|
|
Hg(OH)2
|
3.0 × 10−26
|
|
Nickel Compounds
|
|
|
Ni3(AsO4)2
|
3.1 × 10−26
|
|
NiCO3
|
6.6 × 10−9
|
|
2 Ni(CN)2 ⇌ Ni2+ + Ni(CN)42−
|
1.7 × 10−9
|
|
Ni2[Fe(CN)6]
|
1.3 × 10−15
|
|
Ni(OH)2 fresh
|
2.0 × 10−15
|
|
NiC2O4
|
4 × 10−10
|
|
Ni3(PO4)2
|
5 × 10−31
|
|
Silver Compounds
|
|
|
Ag3AsO4
|
1.0 × 10−22
|
|
AgBr
|
5.0 × 10−13
|
|
Ag2CO3
|
8.1 × 10−12
|
|
AgCl
|
1.8 × 10−10
|
|
Ag2CrO4
|
1.1 × 10−12
|
|
AgCN
|
1.2 × 10−16
|
|
Ag2Cr2O7
|
2.0 × 10−7
|
|
Ag4[Fe(CN)6]
|
1.6 × 10−41
|
|
AgOH
|
2.0 × 10−8
|
|
AgI
|
8.3 × 10−17
|
|
Ag3PO4
|
1.4 × 10−16
|
|
Ag2SO4
|
1.4 × 10−5
|
|
Ag2SO3
|
1.5 × 10−14
|
|
AgSCN
|
1.0 × 10−12
|
|
Strontium Compounds
|
|
|
Sr3(AsO4)2
|
8.1 × 10−19
|
|
SrCO3
|
1.1 × 10−10
|
|
SrCrO4
|
2.2 × 10−5
|
|
SrC2O4·H2O§
|
1.6 × 10−7
|
|
Sr3(PO4)2
|
4.0 × 10−28
|
|
SrSO4
|
3.2 × 10−7
|
|
SrSO3
|
4 × 10−8
|
|
Tin Compounds
|
|
|
Sn(OH)2
|
1.4 × 10−28
|
|
Sn(OH)4
|
1 × 10−56
|
|
Zinc Compounds
|
|
|
Zn3(AsO4)2
|
1.3 × 10−28
|
|
ZnCO3
|
1.4 × 10−11
|
|
Zn2[Fe(CN)6]
|
4.0 × 10−16
|
|
Zn(OH)2
|
1.2 × 10−17
|
|
ZnC2O4
|
2.7 × 10−8
|
|
Zn3(PO4)2
|
9.0 × 10−33
|
| From Patnaik, P., Dean's Analytical Chemistry Handbook, 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2004, Table 4.2. No metal sulfides are listed in this table because sulfide ion is such a strong base that the usual solubility product equilibrium equation does not apply. See Myers, R. J. Journal of Chemical Education, Vol. 63, 1986, pp. 687-690. ‡From Meites, L. Ed. Handbook of Analytical Chemistry, 1st ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1963. §Because [H2O] does not appear in equilibrium constants for equilibria in aqueous solution in general, it does not appear in the Ksp expressions for hydrated solids. |
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