59 Matumizi ya Lugha

SARUFI: MNYAMBULIKO WA KUFANYANA na MNYAMBULIKO WA KUFANYUA

The Reciprocal Form

The Reciprocal form (Mnyambuliko wa Kufanyana) expresses interaction and is marked by – an –.
E.g.
            penda, love                                pendana, love each other/one another
            busu, kiss                                   busiana, kiss (each other)
            samehe, forgive                        sameheana, forgive each other
            kubali, agree                             kubaliana, agree (with each other)
            pa, give                                      peana, give each other

Examples:
Walipomaliza kusalimiana Zakaria alitikisa kichwa.
When they had greeted each other Zakaria shook his head.
–> salimu, greet
Walitazamana machoni.
They looked into each other’s eyes.
–> tazama, look

Kumbuka:
Tulionana naye. We saw each other/met with him/her. (2 or more people involved)

Zoezi 1: Tunga sentensi ukitumia vitenzi vifuatavyo katika kauli ya kufanyana/kutendana. Construct sentences using the following verbs in the reciprocal.

1. Tuma
2. Kimbiza
3. Uma
4. Letea
5. Nunua

Reversives/kufanyua

The reversive (also called inversive or conversive) or kauli ya kufanyua is used to suggest the opposite or reverse of the root verb. Reversives/inversives are opposites/antonyms of the reversed verbs.

For example: Fungua mlango (open the door) is the reversive of Funga mlango (close the door). Fungua is the opposite of funga.

Other examples: vaa/vua (dress/undress), kunja/kunjua (fold/unfold), kwama/kwamua (get stuck/get unstuck), funika/funua (cover/uncover), komea/komoa (latch/unlatch, bolt/unbolt), choma/chomoa (pierce with something sharp/pull out something piercing)

Zoezi 1: State the reversive of the following verbs.

1. Anga
2. Umba
3. Kosa
4. Tega
5. Pakia

Zoezi 2: In the following sentences, the reverse is underlined. Fill in the blanks with another form of same verb root so that each sentence makes sence.

1. Nilitoa pesa ambazo mama alikuwa ame_____ kwenye bahasha.
2. Baba ali____ shimo hilo lakini mbwa wetu alilizibua.
3. Fumbo m____ mjinga, mwerevu atalifumbua. (methali)
4. Uzi huu uli____, dada akachukua muda mrefu kuutatua.
5. Wakati wa asubuhi sisi hu______ nguo na kuzianua jioni.