42 Matumizi ya Lugha

SARUFI: MNYAMBULIKO WA KUFANYIZA

The Causative verbal extension adds the meaning of causation to the simple root.
E.g.

           weza, be able to                     wezesha, enable
pita, pass, go by                    pisha, let someone pass
anguka, fall                            angusha, push down, throw down
potea, get lost                        poteza, lose

There are two ways of forming the Causative;
*          Simple addition to the root:     wez-a -> wez+esh-a.
            Roots ending in a vowel, e.g. –pote-, add a ‘z’; pote-a -> pote+z-a.
*          Sound change: pit-a -> pish-a.

Monosyllabic verbs:
nywa            –>            nywesha, give drink
la                 –>            lisha, feed

Causative verbs can also be formed from nouns, adjectives, or adverbs.
elimu, n., education                elimisha, educate
fupi, adj., short                        fupisha, shorten, abbreviate
karibu, adv., near                   karibisha, welcome, invite

MAZOEZI.
Zoezi la kwanza. TAFSIRI. Toa vitenzi sahili.
1          Rosa alianzisha “mapenzi” ya namna hiyo.
2          Ni jambo la kushangaza.
3          Nilitaka kujifurahisha kidogo.
4          Kuna njia za kumkaribisha mgeni.
5          Zakaria alimweleza Deogratias shida zake.
6          Akina nani walisafirishwa makwao?
7          Mwalimu alinichelewesha.
8          Shule ya Rosary iliendeshwa na nani?
9          Soma, uwafurahishe wazazi wako.
10        Alipandisha sauti ili waliosikiliza wasikose kusikia.

Zoezi la pili. MAZUNGUMZO. Kila sentensi katika Zoezi la kwanza iwe mwanzo wa mazungumzo mafupi.

Zoezi la tatu. MIFANO YA VITENZI VYA KUFANYIZA. Andika sentensi kumi ya mifano ya mnyambuliko wa kufanyiza kutoka katika Rosa Mistika au maandishi yaliyopo kwenye mtandao. Tafsiri sentensi kwa Kiingereza.

*            http://www.arushatimes.co.tz/
*            http://www.africaonline.com/site/tz/
*            http://www.ippmedia.com
*            http://www.bbc.co.uk/swahili

Zoezi la nne. MAELEZO YA MAANA. Tafsiri sentensi. Eleza kwa maneno mengine maana ya sentensi hiyo, ukitumia vitenzi-sahili (simple form of the verb).
K.m.                *             Nitampisha kijana huyu.
–>          I’ll let this boy pass.
–>          Nitasimama kando kidogo ili kijana apite. AU:
Nitamwachia nafasi kijana huyu apite.

1          Regina alimfurahisha mumewe alipojifungua mtoto wa kiume.
2          Umepoteza wapi zoezi lako?
3          Habari zao zilitusikitisha.
4          Afisa mmoja aliwarudisha asubuhi kwa motokaa.
5          Ninawajulisha kwamba mitihani hautakuwa rahisi.
6          Dada alimlisha mdogo wake ugali.
7          Itabidi nifupishe insha yangu.
8          Maelezo yake hayajarahisisha sarufi hii.
9          Tuwastareheshe wageni na nyimbo za kufurahisha.
10        Virudishe vitabu vyote maktabani.

Zoezi la tano. MAJINA YA KUFANYIZA NA VITENZI VYAKE (Causative nouns and their verbs.) Andika vitenzi-sahili (simple verbs) ya majina yafuatayo.
K.m.    wazazi <–       zaa.
1          malezi, upbringing
2          matumizi, use
3          mapinduzi, revolution
4          mageuzi, transition
5          mapenzi, love
6          mwendeshaji, driver
7          maongezi, conversation
8          kiongozi, leader
9          matapishi, vomit
10        kitenzi, verb
11        mapishi, cooking