Javanese
Grammar: -e/ne and -ipun/nipun
Indonesian and Javanese share similar grammatical rules. Both are agglutinative languages, meaning they use morphemes, usually in the form of affixes, to indicate meaning. One such morpheme is the suffix -e/ne & -ipun/nipun, which roughly equates to the Indonesian nya. Like nya, this suffix can denote possession (jenenge…his name or “sapa jenenge” what is your name?), specificity (griyanipun….the house), an expression (biasane…usually), and more.
- Vocabulary
| Ngoko | Krama | Krama Inggil / Andhap | Bahasa Indonesia | English |
| Kanca | Rencang | Teman | ||
| Sapa | Sinten | Siapa | ||
| Jeneng | Nami/nama | asma (KI) | Nama | |
| Aku | Kula | Dalem (KA) | Aku / saya | |
| Seneng | Remen | Suka | ||
| Kowe | Sampeyan | Panjenengan | Kamu / Anda | |
| Dheweke | Piyambakipun | Panjenenganipun (KI) | Dia | |
| Piye kabare? | Kados pundi kabaripun? | Apa kabar? | ||
| Uga | Ugi | Juga | ||
| Apik | Sae | Baik | ||
| -e / ne (if it follows a vowel) | -ipun / nipun (if after a vowel) | nya |
2. Conversation
3. Practice
Translate the below sentences from Indonesian to Javanese.
- Apa kabar?
- Dia temannya.
- Siapa namanya?
- Siapa nama bapak Anda?
- Nama ibu saya Maria.
