Rukiga-Runyankore
Relative Pronouns in Rukiga
Relatives pronouns are pronouns that introduce relative clauses, or a clause that modifies a noun or noun phrase, in speech or writing. Common relative pronouns in English are who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, and that. Rukiga is a language that also has relative pronouns, particularly those that match with the English pronouns who, whom, and which. As with much of the Rukiga language, noun class is key for which relative pronouns are used in a sentence. There are relative pronouns for both subject relatives, who or which, and object relatives, whom or which.
The following are the relative pronouns for all of the noun classes:
Subject Relatives (who or which) | ||
Noun Class | Relative Pronoun (Singular) | Relative Pronoun (Plural) |
Mu – Ba | o- | aba- |
Ki – Bi | eki- | ebi- |
Mu – Mi | ogu- | e- |
Ri – Ma | eri- | ama-/aga- |
Ku – Ma | oku- | ama-/aga- |
Ka – Bu | aka- | obu- |
Ru – N | oru – | e- |
N-N | e- | ezi- |
Bu – Ma | obu- | ama-/aga- |
Object Relatives (whom or which) | ||
Noun Class | Relative Pronoun (Singular) | Relative Pronoun (Plural) |
Mu – Ba | ou- | abu- |
Ki – Bi | eki- | ebi- |
Mu – Mi | ogu- | ei- |
Ri – Ma | eri- | agu- |
Ku – Ma | oku- | agu- |
Ka – Bu | aku- | obu- |
Ru – N | oru- | ezi- |
N-N | ei- | ezi- |
Bu – Ma | obu- | agu- |
The following are two examples:
The woman who is tall is my friend.
Omukazi omulingwa ni munywani wangye.
The tree which is tall is the one which she cut.
Omuti oguringwa gwonka gwatema.